《植物生理学报》 2014, 50(11): 1733-1741

葡萄早熟芽变与其亲本果实发育特征比较分析

郭大龙*, 郭明晓, 张国海

河南科技大学林学院, 河南洛阳 471003

通信作者：郭大龙；E-mail: guodalong@haust.edu.cn；Tel: 0379-6428345

摘　要：

‘峰早’和‘洛浦早生’葡萄分别是‘巨峰’和‘京亚’的早熟芽变, 本研究对比分析了早熟芽变与其亲本间在果实发育过程中与成熟有关的生理指标动态变化的差异。结果表明, 与亲本相比, 两个早熟芽变品种在果实横径、纵径、单粒重的增长速率, 叶绿素、类黄酮和总酚含量变化趋势, 以及β-半乳糖苷酶活性等方面的变化趋势差别不大。可溶性固形物和可溶性糖的变化趋势、类胡萝卜素的含量及脂氧合酶(LOX)活性的变化趋势在两对芽变与亲本间无明显一致的趋势, 表现出的情形比较复杂。但两芽变品种花色素苷的增长速率在花后50 d均显著快于亲本, 且在成熟时的绝对含量均大于对应时期亲本, 这可能是早熟芽变品种果实先着色的原因之一。两芽变与亲本间果胶甲酯酶(PE)活性和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性变化模式相一致, 且两芽变的PG酶活性增长速率均明显大于其亲本, 这种变化幅度也与早熟芽变性状变化的幅度相关, 所以PG酶活性增加加快了芽变品种的成熟软化, 这可能是芽变比亲本早熟的原因之一。

关键词：葡萄; 早熟芽变; 果实发育; PG酶

收稿：2014-10-08   修定：2014-10-30

资助：国家自然科学基金(31372026)、河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划(13HASTIT004)和河南省重点科技攻关项目(132102110029)。

Comparisons of Berry Development Characteristics between the Early Ripening Bud Mutants of Grape and Their Parents

GUO Da-Long*, GUO Ming-Xiao, ZHANG Guo-Hai

College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China

Corresponding author: GUO Da-Long; E-mail: guodalong@haust.edu.cn; Tel: 0379-6428345

Abstract:

‘Fengzao’ and ‘Luopuzaosheng’ are the early ripening bud mutants of ‘Kyoho’ and ‘Jingya’, respectively. The berries of grape cultivars, ‘Fengzao’, ‘Kyoho’, ‘Jingya’ and ‘Luopuzaosheng’ were used in this study. The dynamic changes of berry development, pigment content and related enzyme activities were compared between the mutants and their parents. The results showed that there were no differences in the increasing tendency of the horizontal and vertical diameters, and weight of per berry, in the content of chlorophyll, flavonoid and total phenols, and in the activity of β-gal between the bud mutation and parents, which indicated that the development rate of grape berry was not the reason for the early ripening of bud mutant. The changes in the content of soluble solid, soluble sugars, carotenoid and the activity of LOX showed different tendency between the bud mutants and their parents. The increasing in the content of anthocyanin was obviously faster in 50 days after blooming and the absolute content was also higher in the sports. The tendency of changes in the activity of PE and PG enzymes were similar in both of the mutants and the parents. However, the increase of PG activity in the mutant was faster and in accordance with the early ripening. This indicated that increasing of PG enzyme activity accelerated the berry softening of the bud mutant which might be one of the reasons that the mutant ripen early than the parents.

Key words: grape; early bud mutant; fruit development; PG enzyme